Purpose

The Original Four Retrospective uses the classic four questions from Norm Kerth's retrospective framework: What did we do well that we should continue? What did we learn? What should we do differently next time? What still puzzles us? These four questions provide a comprehensive, balanced reflection that covers successes, learning, change, and open questions.

At a glance

• Group size: 3–12 people
• Duration: 20 minutes
• Difficulty: Beginner
• Facilitation style: Structured
• Setting: Both / Remote-friendly

How to run

1. Write the four questions on a board, one per column.
2. Silent brainstorming: participants write sticky notes for each question (5 minutes).
3. Share and place notes question by question (7 minutes).
4. Discuss key themes across all four questions (5 minutes).
5. Commit to 1–2 actions from the differently and puzzles columns (3 minutes).

Materials needed

• Whiteboard or digital board with four columns
• Sticky notes
• Markers
• Timer

Pitfalls & common mistakes

• Skipping the puzzles question — unresolved puzzles often contain the most important learning opportunities.
• The continue column being generic ("good teamwork") — push for specific practices.
• Not following up on the differently column in the next sprint.

Inclusion & accessibility

• The four questions are simple and translate well across languages.
• Allow written submissions before discussion for introverted participants.
• The puzzles question provides a safe space for newcomers to ask naive questions.

Variations

• Original Four + Feelings: add a feelings row under each question.
• Individual then Group: each person answers all four questions privately, then merge.
• Prioritized Original Four: dot-vote on items within each column.

When NOT to use this

• When the team wants a more creative or metaphor-based format for variety.
• When a single issue dominates and needs focused analysis (use Five Whys).

Source & further reading

• Norm Kerth, Project Retrospectives: A Handbook for Team Reviews.
• Retromat (retromat.org).